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deb-mbse/lib/ubi_BinTree.c
2001-11-25 22:28:04 +00:00

1134 lines
47 KiB
C

/* ========================================================================== **
* ubi_BinTree.c
*
* Copyright (C) 1991-1998 by Christopher R. Hertel
*
* Email: crh@ubiqx.mn.org
* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- **
*
* This module implements a simple binary tree.
*
* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- **
*
* This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
* modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public
* License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
* version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
*
* This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
* Library General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public
* License along with this library; if not, write to the Free
* Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
*
* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- **
*
* Log: ubi_BinTree.c,v
* Revision 4.10 2000/06/06 20:38:40 crh
* In the ReplaceNode() function, the old node header was being copied
* to the new node header using a byte-by-byte copy. This was causing
* the 'insure' software testing program to report a memory leak. The
* fix was to do a simple assignement: *newnode = *oldnode;
* This quieted the (errant) memory leak reports and is probably a bit
* faster than the bytewise copy.
*
* Revision 4.9 2000/01/08 23:24:30 crh
* Clarified a variety of if( pointer ) lines, replacing them with
* if( NULL != pointer ). This is more correct, and I have heard
* of at least one (obscure?) system out there that uses a non-zero
* value for NULL.
* Also, speed improvement in Neighbor(). It was comparing pointers
* when it could have compared two gender values. The pointer
* comparison was somewhat indirect (does pointer equal the pointer
* of the parent of the node pointed to by pointer). Urq.
*
* Revision 4.8 1999/09/22 03:40:30 crh
* Modified ubi_btTraverse() and ubi_btKillTree(). They now return an
* unsigned long indicating the number of nodes processed. The change
* is subtle. An empty tree formerly returned False, and now returns
* zero.
*
* Revision 4.7 1998/10/21 06:14:42 crh
* Fixed bugs in FirstOf() and LastOf() reported by Massimo Campostrini.
* See function comments.
*
* Revision 4.6 1998/07/25 17:02:10 crh
* Added the ubi_trNewTree() macro.
*
* Revision 4.5 1998/06/04 21:29:27 crh
* Upper-cased defined constants (eg UBI_BINTREE_H) in some header files.
* This is more "standard", and is what people expect. Weird, eh?
*
* Revision 4.4 1998/06/03 17:42:46 crh
* Further fiddling with sys_include.h. It's now in ubi_BinTree.h which is
* included by all of the binary tree files.
*
* Reminder: Some of the ubi_tr* macros in ubi_BinTree.h are redefined in
* ubi_AVLtree.h and ubi_SplayTree.h. This allows easy swapping
* of tree types by simply changing a header. Unfortunately, the
* macro redefinitions in ubi_AVLtree.h and ubi_SplayTree.h will
* conflict if used together. You must either choose a single tree
* type, or use the underlying function calls directly. Compare
* the two header files for more information.
*
* Revision 4.3 1998/06/02 01:28:43 crh
* Changed ubi_null.h to sys_include.h to make it more generic.
*
* Revision 4.2 1998/05/20 04:32:36 crh
* The C file now includes ubi_null.h. See ubi_null.h for more info.
* Also, the balance and gender fields of the node were declared as
* signed char. As I understand it, at least one SunOS or Solaris
* compiler doesn't like "signed char". The declarations were
* wrong anyway, so I changed them to simple "char".
*
* Revision 4.1 1998/03/31 06:11:57 crh
* Thomas Aglassinger sent E'mail pointing out errors in the
* dereferencing of function pointers, and a missing typecast.
* Thanks, Thomas!
*
* Revision 4.0 1998/03/10 03:19:22 crh
* Added the AVL field 'balance' to the ubi_btNode structure. This means
* that all BinTree modules now use the same basic node structure, which
* greatly simplifies the AVL module.
* Decided that this was a big enough change to justify a new major revision
* number. 3.0 was an error, so we're at 4.0.
*
* Revision 2.6 1998/01/24 06:27:46 crh
* Added ubi_trCount() macro.
*
* Revision 2.5 1997/12/23 03:56:29 crh
* In this version, all constants & macros defined in the header file have
* the ubi_tr prefix. Also cleaned up anything that gcc complained about
* when run with '-pedantic -fsyntax-only -Wall'.
*
* Revision 2.4 1997/07/26 04:11:10 crh
* + Just to be annoying I changed ubi_TRUE and ubi_FALSE to ubi_trTRUE
* and ubi_trFALSE.
* + There is now a type ubi_trBool to go with ubi_trTRUE and ubi_trFALSE.
* + There used to be something called "ubi_TypeDefs.h". I got rid of it.
* + Added function ubi_btLeafNode().
*
* Revision 2.3 1997/06/03 05:16:17 crh
* Changed TRUE and FALSE to ubi_TRUE and ubi_FALSE to avoid conflicts.
* Also changed the interface to function InitTree(). See the comments
* for this function for more information.
*
* Revision 2.2 1995/10/03 22:00:07 CRH
* Ubisized!
*
* Revision 2.1 95/03/09 23:37:10 CRH
* Added the ModuleID static string and function. These modules are now
* self-identifying.
*
* Revision 2.0 95/02/27 22:00:17 CRH
* Revision 2.0 of this program includes the following changes:
*
* 1) A fix to a major typo in the RepaceNode() function.
* 2) The addition of the static function Border().
* 3) The addition of the public functions FirstOf() and LastOf(), which
* use Border(). These functions are used with trees that allow
* duplicate keys.
* 4) A complete rewrite of the Locate() function. Locate() now accepts
* a "comparison" operator.
* 5) Overall enhancements to both code and comments.
*
* I decided to give this a new major rev number because the interface has
* changed. In particular, there are two new functions, and changes to the
* Locate() function.
*
* Revision 1.0 93/10/15 22:44:59 CRH
* With this revision, I have added a set of #define's that provide a single,
* standard API to all existing tree modules. Until now, each of the three
* existing modules had a different function and typedef prefix, as follows:
*
* Module Prefix
* ubi_BinTree ubi_bt
* ubi_AVLtree ubi_avl
* ubi_SplayTree ubi_spt
*
* To further complicate matters, only those portions of the base module
* (ubi_BinTree) that were superceeded in the new module had the new names.
* For example, if you were using ubi_SplayTree, the locate function was
* called "ubi_sptLocate", but the next and previous functions remained
* "ubi_btNext" and "ubi_btPrev".
*
* This was not too terrible if you were familiar with the modules and knew
* exactly which tree model you wanted to use. If you wanted to be able to
* change modules (for speed comparisons, etc), things could get messy very
* quickly.
*
* So, I have added a set of defined names that get redefined in any of the
* descendant modules. To use this standardized interface in your code,
* simply replace all occurances of "ubi_bt", "ubi_avl", and "ubi_spt" with
* "ubi_tr". The "ubi_tr" names will resolve to the correct function or
* datatype names for the module that you are using. Just remember to
* include the header for that module in your program file. Because these
* names are handled by the preprocessor, there is no added run-time
* overhead.
*
* Note that the original names do still exist, and can be used if you wish
* to write code directly to a specific module. This should probably only be
* done if you are planning to implement a new descendant type, such as
* red/black trees. CRH
*
* V0.0 - June, 1991 - Written by Christopher R. Hertel (CRH).
*
* ========================================================================== **
*/
#include "libs.h"
#include "ubi_BinTree.h" /* Header for this module. */
/* ========================================================================== **
* Static data.
*/
static char ModuleID[] = "ubi_BinTree\n\
\tRevision: 4.10 \n\
\tDate: 2000/06/06 20:38:40 \n\
\tAuthor: crh \n";
/* ========================================================================== **
* Internal (private) functions.
*/
static ubi_btNodePtr qFind( ubi_btCompFunc cmp,
ubi_btItemPtr FindMe,
register ubi_btNodePtr p )
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
* This function performs a non-recursive search of a tree for a node
* matching a specific key. It is called "qFind()" because it is
* faster that TreeFind (below).
*
* Input:
* cmp - a pointer to the tree's comparison function.
* FindMe - a pointer to the key value for which to search.
* p - a pointer to the starting point of the search. <p>
* is considered to be the root of a subtree, and only
* the subtree will be searched.
*
* Output:
* A pointer to a node with a key that matches the key indicated by
* FindMe, or NULL if no such node was found.
*
* Note: In a tree that allows duplicates, the pointer returned *might
* not* point to the (sequentially) first occurance of the
* desired key.
* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
*/
{
int tmp;
while( (NULL != p)
&& ((tmp = ubi_trAbNormal( (*cmp)(FindMe, p) )) != ubi_trEQUAL) )
p = p->Link[tmp];
return( p );
} /* qFind */
static ubi_btNodePtr TreeFind( ubi_btItemPtr findme,
ubi_btNodePtr p,
ubi_btNodePtr *parentp,
char *gender,
ubi_btCompFunc CmpFunc )
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
* TreeFind() searches a tree for a given value (findme). It will return a
* pointer to the target node, if found, or NULL if the target node was not
* found.
*
* TreeFind() also returns, via parameters, a pointer to the parent of the
* target node, and a LEFT or RIGHT value indicating which child of the
* parent is the target node. *If the target is not found*, then these
* values indicate the place at which the target *should be found*. This
* is useful when inserting a new node into a tree or searching for nodes
* "near" the target node.
*
* The parameters are:
*
* findme - is a pointer to the key information to be searched for.
* p - points to the root of the tree to be searched.
* parentp - will return a pointer to a pointer to the !parent! of the
* target node, which can be especially usefull if the target
* was not found.
* gender - returns LEFT or RIGHT to indicate which child of *parentp
* was last searched.
* CmpFunc - points to the comparison function.
*
* This function is called by ubi_btLocate() and ubi_btInsert().
* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
*/
{
register ubi_btNodePtr tmp_p = p;
ubi_btNodePtr tmp_pp = NULL;
char tmp_gender = ubi_trEQUAL;
int tmp_cmp;
while( (NULL != tmp_p)
&& (ubi_trEQUAL != (tmp_cmp = ubi_trAbNormal((*CmpFunc)(findme, tmp_p)))) )
{
tmp_pp = tmp_p; /* Keep track of previous node. */
tmp_gender = (char)tmp_cmp; /* Keep track of sex of child. */
tmp_p = tmp_p->Link[tmp_cmp]; /* Go to child. */
}
*parentp = tmp_pp; /* Return results. */
*gender = tmp_gender;
return( tmp_p );
} /* TreeFind */
static void ReplaceNode( ubi_btNodePtr *parent,
ubi_btNodePtr oldnode,
ubi_btNodePtr newnode )
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
* Remove node oldnode from the tree, replacing it with node newnode.
*
* Input:
* parent - A pointer to he parent pointer of the node to be
* replaced. <parent> may point to the Link[] field of
* a parent node, or it may indicate the root pointer at
* the top of the tree.
* oldnode - A pointer to the node that is to be replaced.
* newnode - A pointer to the node that is to be installed in the
* place of <*oldnode>.
*
* Notes: Don't forget to free oldnode.
* Also, this function used to have a really nasty typo
* bug. "oldnode" and "newnode" were swapped in the line
* that now reads:
* ((unsigned char *)newnode)[i] = ((unsigned char *)oldnode)[i];
* Bleah!
* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
*/
{
*newnode = *oldnode; /* Copy node internals to new node. */
(*parent) = newnode; /* Old node's parent points to new child. */
/* Now tell the children about their new step-parent. */
if( oldnode->Link[ubi_trLEFT] )
(oldnode->Link[ubi_trLEFT])->Link[ubi_trPARENT] = newnode;
if( oldnode->Link[ubi_trRIGHT] )
(oldnode->Link[ubi_trRIGHT])->Link[ubi_trPARENT] = newnode;
} /* ReplaceNode */
static void SwapNodes( ubi_btRootPtr RootPtr,
ubi_btNodePtr Node1,
ubi_btNodePtr Node2 )
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
* This function swaps two nodes in the tree. Node1 will take the place of
* Node2, and Node2 will fill in the space left vacant by Node 1.
*
* Input:
* RootPtr - pointer to the tree header structure for this tree.
* Node1 - \
* > These are the two nodes which are to be swapped.
* Node2 - /
*
* Notes:
* This function does a three step swap, using a dummy node as a place
* holder. This function is used by ubi_btRemove().
* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
*/
{
ubi_btNodePtr *Parent;
ubi_btNode dummy;
ubi_btNodePtr dummy_p = &dummy;
/* Replace Node 1 with the dummy, thus removing Node1 from the tree. */
if( NULL != Node1->Link[ubi_trPARENT] )
Parent = &((Node1->Link[ubi_trPARENT])->Link[(int)(Node1->gender)]);
else
Parent = &(RootPtr->root);
ReplaceNode( Parent, Node1, dummy_p );
/* Swap Node 1 with Node 2, placing Node 1 back into the tree. */
if( NULL != Node2->Link[ubi_trPARENT] )
Parent = &((Node2->Link[ubi_trPARENT])->Link[(int)(Node2->gender)]);
else
Parent = &(RootPtr->root);
ReplaceNode( Parent, Node2, Node1 );
/* Swap Node 2 and the dummy, thus placing Node 2 back into the tree. */
if( NULL != dummy_p->Link[ubi_trPARENT] )
Parent = &((dummy_p->Link[ubi_trPARENT])->Link[(int)(dummy_p->gender)]);
else
Parent = &(RootPtr->root);
ReplaceNode( Parent, dummy_p, Node2 );
} /* SwapNodes */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- **
* These routines allow you to walk through the tree, forwards or backwards.
*/
static ubi_btNodePtr SubSlide( register ubi_btNodePtr P,
register int whichway )
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
* Slide down the side of a subtree.
*
* Given a starting node, this function returns a pointer to the LEFT-, or
* RIGHT-most descendent, *or* (if whichway is PARENT) to the tree root.
*
* Input: P - a pointer to a starting place.
* whichway - the direction (LEFT, RIGHT, or PARENT) in which to
* travel.
* Output: A pointer to a node that is either the root, or has no
* whichway-th child but is within the subtree of P. Note that
* the return value may be the same as P. The return value *will
* be* NULL if P is NULL.
* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
*/
{
if( NULL != P )
while( NULL != P->Link[ whichway ] )
P = P->Link[ whichway ];
return( P );
} /* SubSlide */
static ubi_btNodePtr Neighbor( register ubi_btNodePtr P,
register int whichway )
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
* Given starting point p, return the (key order) next or preceeding node
* in the tree.
*
* Input: P - Pointer to our starting place node.
* whichway - the direction in which to travel to find the
* neighbor, i.e., the RIGHT neighbor or the LEFT
* neighbor.
*
* Output: A pointer to the neighboring node, or NULL if P was NULL.
*
* Notes: If whichway is PARENT, the results are unpredictable.
* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
*/
{
if( P )
{
if( NULL != P->Link[ whichway ] )
return( SubSlide( P->Link[ whichway ], (char)ubi_trRevWay(whichway) ) );
else
while( NULL != P->Link[ ubi_trPARENT ] )
{
if( whichway == P->gender )
P = P->Link[ ubi_trPARENT ];
else
return( P->Link[ ubi_trPARENT ] );
}
}
return( NULL );
} /* Neighbor */
static ubi_btNodePtr Border( ubi_btRootPtr RootPtr,
ubi_btItemPtr FindMe,
ubi_btNodePtr p,
int whichway )
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
* Given starting point p, which has a key value equal to *FindMe, locate
* the first (index order) node with the same key value.
*
* This function is useful in trees that have can have duplicate keys.
* For example, consider the following tree:
* Tree Traversal
* 2 If <p> points to the root and <whichway> is RIGHT, 3
* / \ then the return value will be a pointer to the / \
* 2 2 RIGHT child of the root node. The tree on 2 5
* / / \ the right shows the order of traversal. / / \
* 1 2 3 1 4 6
*
* Input: RootPtr - Pointer to the tree root structure.
* FindMe - Key value for comparisons.
* p - Pointer to the starting-point node.
* whichway - the direction in which to travel to find the
* neighbor, i.e., the RIGHT neighbor or the LEFT
* neighbor.
*
* Output: A pointer to the first (index, or "traversal", order) node with
* a Key value that matches *FindMe.
*
* Notes: If whichway is PARENT, or if the tree does not allow duplicate
* keys, this function will return <p>.
* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
*/
{
register ubi_btNodePtr q;
/* Exit if there's nothing that can be done. */
if( !ubi_trDups_OK( RootPtr ) || (ubi_trPARENT == whichway) )
return( p );
/* First, if needed, move up the tree. We need to get to the root of the
* subtree that contains all of the matching nodes.
*/
q = p->Link[ubi_trPARENT];
while( (NULL != q)
&& (ubi_trEQUAL == ubi_trAbNormal( (*(RootPtr->cmp))(FindMe, q) )) )
{
p = q;
q = p->Link[ubi_trPARENT];
}
/* Next, move back down in the "whichway" direction. */
q = p->Link[whichway];
while( NULL != q )
{
q = qFind( RootPtr->cmp, FindMe, q );
if( q )
{
p = q;
q = p->Link[whichway];
}
}
return( p );
} /* Border */
/* ========================================================================== **
* Exported utilities.
*/
long ubi_btSgn( register long x )
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
* Return the sign of x; {negative,zero,positive} ==> {-1, 0, 1}.
*
* Input: x - a signed long integer value.
*
* Output: the "sign" of x, represented as follows:
* -1 == negative
* 0 == zero (no sign)
* 1 == positive
*
* Note: This utility is provided in order to facilitate the conversion
* of C comparison function return values into BinTree direction
* values: {LEFT, PARENT, EQUAL}. It is INCORPORATED into the
* ubi_trAbNormal() conversion macro!
*
* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
*/
{
return( (x)?((x>0)?(1):(-1)):(0) );
} /* ubi_btSgn */
ubi_btNodePtr ubi_btInitNode( ubi_btNodePtr NodePtr )
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
* Initialize a tree node.
*
* Input: a pointer to a ubi_btNode structure to be initialized.
* Output: a pointer to the initialized ubi_btNode structure (ie. the
* same as the input pointer).
* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
*/
{
NodePtr->Link[ ubi_trLEFT ] = NULL;
NodePtr->Link[ ubi_trPARENT ] = NULL;
NodePtr->Link[ ubi_trRIGHT ] = NULL;
NodePtr->gender = ubi_trEQUAL;
NodePtr->balance = ubi_trEQUAL;
return( NodePtr );
} /* ubi_btInitNode */
ubi_btRootPtr ubi_btInitTree( ubi_btRootPtr RootPtr,
ubi_btCompFunc CompFunc,
char Flags )
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
* Initialize the fields of a Tree Root header structure.
*
* Input: RootPtr - a pointer to an ubi_btRoot structure to be
* initialized.
* CompFunc - a pointer to a comparison function that will be used
* whenever nodes in the tree must be compared against
* outside values.
* Flags - One bytes worth of flags. Flags include
* ubi_trOVERWRITE and ubi_trDUPKEY. See the header
* file for more info.
*
* Output: a pointer to the initialized ubi_btRoot structure (ie. the
* same value as RootPtr).
*
* Note: The interface to this function has changed from that of
* previous versions. The <Flags> parameter replaces two
* boolean parameters that had the same basic effect.
*
* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
*/
{
if( RootPtr )
{
RootPtr->root = NULL;
RootPtr->count = 0L;
RootPtr->cmp = CompFunc;
RootPtr->flags = (Flags & ubi_trDUPKEY) ? ubi_trDUPKEY : Flags;
} /* There are only two supported flags, and they are
* mutually exclusive. ubi_trDUPKEY takes precedence
* over ubi_trOVERWRITE.
*/
return( RootPtr );
} /* ubi_btInitTree */
ubi_trBool ubi_btInsert( ubi_btRootPtr RootPtr,
ubi_btNodePtr NewNode,
ubi_btItemPtr ItemPtr,
ubi_btNodePtr *OldNode )
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
* This function uses a non-recursive algorithm to add a new element to the
* tree.
*
* Input: RootPtr - a pointer to the ubi_btRoot structure that indicates
* the root of the tree to which NewNode is to be added.
* NewNode - a pointer to an ubi_btNode structure that is NOT
* part of any tree.
* ItemPtr - A pointer to the sort key that is stored within
* *NewNode. ItemPtr MUST point to information stored
* in *NewNode or an EXACT DUPLICATE. The key data
* indicated by ItemPtr is used to place the new node
* into the tree.
* OldNode - a pointer to an ubi_btNodePtr. When searching
* the tree, a duplicate node may be found. If
* duplicates are allowed, then the new node will
* be simply placed into the tree. If duplicates
* are not allowed, however, then one of two things
* may happen.
* 1) if overwritting *is not* allowed, this
* function will return FALSE (indicating that
* the new node could not be inserted), and
* *OldNode will point to the duplicate that is
* still in the tree.
* 2) if overwritting *is* allowed, then this
* function will swap **OldNode for *NewNode.
* In this case, *OldNode will point to the node
* that was removed (thus allowing you to free
* the node).
* ** If you are using overwrite mode, ALWAYS **
* ** check the return value of this parameter! **
* Note: You may pass NULL in this parameter, the
* function knows how to cope. If you do this,
* however, there will be no way to return a
* pointer to an old (ie. replaced) node (which is
* a problem if you are using overwrite mode).
*
* Output: a boolean value indicating success or failure. The function
* will return FALSE if the node could not be added to the tree.
* Such failure will only occur if duplicates are not allowed,
* nodes cannot be overwritten, AND a duplicate key was found
* within the tree.
* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
*/
{
ubi_btNodePtr OtherP,
parent = NULL;
char tmp;
if( NULL == OldNode ) /* If they didn't give us a pointer, supply our own. */
OldNode = &OtherP;
(void)ubi_btInitNode( NewNode ); /* Init the new node's BinTree fields. */
/* Find a place for the new node. */
*OldNode = TreeFind(ItemPtr, (RootPtr->root), &parent, &tmp, (RootPtr->cmp));
/* Now add the node to the tree... */
if( NULL == (*OldNode) ) /* The easy one: we have a space for a new node! */
{
if( NULL == parent )
RootPtr->root = NewNode;
else
{
parent->Link[(int)tmp] = NewNode;
NewNode->Link[ubi_trPARENT] = parent;
NewNode->gender = tmp;
}
(RootPtr->count)++;
return( ubi_trTRUE );
}
/* If we reach this point, we know that a duplicate node exists. This
* section adds the node to the tree if duplicate keys are allowed.
*/
if( ubi_trDups_OK(RootPtr) ) /* Key exists, add duplicate */
{
ubi_btNodePtr q;
tmp = ubi_trRIGHT;
q = (*OldNode);
*OldNode = NULL;
while( NULL != q )
{
parent = q;
if( tmp == ubi_trEQUAL )
tmp = ubi_trRIGHT;
q = q->Link[(int)tmp];
if ( q )
tmp = ubi_trAbNormal( (*(RootPtr->cmp))(ItemPtr, q) );
}
parent->Link[(int)tmp] = NewNode;
NewNode->Link[ubi_trPARENT] = parent;
NewNode->gender = tmp;
(RootPtr->count)++;
return( ubi_trTRUE );
}
/* If we get to *this* point, we know that we are not allowed to have
* duplicate nodes, but our node keys match, so... may we replace the
* old one?
*/
if( ubi_trOvwt_OK(RootPtr) ) /* Key exists, we replace */
{
if( NULL == parent )
ReplaceNode( &(RootPtr->root), *OldNode, NewNode );
else
ReplaceNode( &(parent->Link[(int)((*OldNode)->gender)]),
*OldNode, NewNode );
return( ubi_trTRUE );
}
return( ubi_trFALSE ); /* Failure: could not replace an existing node. */
} /* ubi_btInsert */
ubi_btNodePtr ubi_btRemove( ubi_btRootPtr RootPtr,
ubi_btNodePtr DeadNode )
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
* This function removes the indicated node from the tree.
*
* Input: RootPtr - A pointer to the header of the tree that contains
* the node to be removed.
* DeadNode - A pointer to the node that will be removed.
*
* Output: This function returns a pointer to the node that was removed
* from the tree (ie. the same as DeadNode).
*
* Note: The node MUST be in the tree indicated by RootPtr. If not,
* strange and evil things will happen to your trees.
* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
*/
{
ubi_btNodePtr p,
*parentp;
int tmp;
/* if the node has both left and right subtrees, then we have to swap
* it with another node. The other node we choose will be the Prev()ious
* node, which is garunteed to have no RIGHT child.
*/
if( (NULL != DeadNode->Link[ubi_trLEFT])
&& (NULL != DeadNode->Link[ubi_trRIGHT]) )
SwapNodes( RootPtr, DeadNode, ubi_btPrev( DeadNode ) );
/* The parent of the node to be deleted may be another node, or it may be
* the root of the tree. Since we're not sure, it's best just to have
* a pointer to the parent pointer, whatever it is.
*/
if( NULL == DeadNode->Link[ubi_trPARENT] )
parentp = &( RootPtr->root );
else
parentp = &((DeadNode->Link[ubi_trPARENT])->Link[(int)(DeadNode->gender)]);
/* Now link the parent to the only grand-child and patch up the gender. */
tmp = ((DeadNode->Link[ubi_trLEFT])?ubi_trLEFT:ubi_trRIGHT);
p = (DeadNode->Link[tmp]);
if( NULL != p )
{
p->Link[ubi_trPARENT] = DeadNode->Link[ubi_trPARENT];
p->gender = DeadNode->gender;
}
(*parentp) = p;
/* Finished, reduce the node count and return. */
(RootPtr->count)--;
return( DeadNode );
} /* ubi_btRemove */
ubi_btNodePtr ubi_btLocate( ubi_btRootPtr RootPtr,
ubi_btItemPtr FindMe,
ubi_trCompOps CompOp )
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
* The purpose of ubi_btLocate() is to find a node or set of nodes given
* a target value and a "comparison operator". The Locate() function is
* more flexible and (in the case of trees that may contain dupicate keys)
* more precise than the ubi_btFind() function. The latter is faster,
* but it only searches for exact matches and, if the tree contains
* duplicates, Find() may return a pointer to any one of the duplicate-
* keyed records.
*
* Input:
* RootPtr - A pointer to the header of the tree to be searched.
* FindMe - An ubi_btItemPtr that indicates the key for which to
* search.
* CompOp - One of the following:
* CompOp Return a pointer to the node with
* ------ ---------------------------------
* ubi_trLT - the last key value that is less
* than FindMe.
* ubi_trLE - the first key matching FindMe, or
* the last key that is less than
* FindMe.
* ubi_trEQ - the first key matching FindMe.
* ubi_trGE - the first key matching FindMe, or the
* first key greater than FindMe.
* ubi_trGT - the first key greater than FindMe.
* Output:
* A pointer to the node matching the criteria listed above under
* CompOp, or NULL if no node matched the criteria.
*
* Notes:
* In the case of trees with duplicate keys, Locate() will behave as
* follows:
*
* Find: 3 Find: 3
* Keys: 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 Keys: 1 1 2 2 2 4 4 5 5 5 6
* ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
* LT EQ GT LE GE
*
* That is, when returning a pointer to a node with a key that is LESS
* THAN the target key (FindMe), Locate() will return a pointer to the
* LAST matching node.
* When returning a pointer to a node with a key that is GREATER
* THAN the target key (FindMe), Locate() will return a pointer to the
* FIRST matching node.
*
* See Also: ubi_btFind(), ubi_btFirstOf(), ubi_btLastOf().
* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
*/
{
register ubi_btNodePtr p;
ubi_btNodePtr parent;
char whichkid;
/* Start by searching for a matching node. */
p = TreeFind( FindMe,
RootPtr->root,
&parent,
&whichkid,
RootPtr->cmp );
if( NULL != p ) /* If we have found a match, we can resolve as follows: */
{
switch( CompOp )
{
case ubi_trLT: /* It's just a jump to the left... */
p = Border( RootPtr, FindMe, p, ubi_trLEFT );
return( Neighbor( p, ubi_trLEFT ) );
case ubi_trGT: /* ...and then a jump to the right. */
p = Border( RootPtr, FindMe, p, ubi_trRIGHT );
return( Neighbor( p, ubi_trRIGHT ) );
default:
p = Border( RootPtr, FindMe, p, ubi_trLEFT );
return( p );
}
}
/* Else, no match. */
if( ubi_trEQ == CompOp ) /* If we were looking for an exact match... */
return( NULL ); /* ...forget it. */
/* We can still return a valid result for GT, GE, LE, and LT.
* <parent> points to a node with a value that is either just before or
* just after the target value.
* Remaining possibilities are LT and GT (including LE & GE).
*/
if( (ubi_trLT == CompOp) || (ubi_trLE == CompOp) )
return( (ubi_trLEFT == whichkid) ? Neighbor( parent, whichkid ) : parent );
else
return( (ubi_trRIGHT == whichkid) ? Neighbor( parent, whichkid ) : parent );
} /* ubi_btLocate */
ubi_btNodePtr ubi_btFind( ubi_btRootPtr RootPtr,
ubi_btItemPtr FindMe )
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
* This function performs a non-recursive search of a tree for any node
* matching a specific key.
*
* Input:
* RootPtr - a pointer to the header of the tree to be searched.
* FindMe - a pointer to the key value for which to search.
*
* Output:
* A pointer to a node with a key that matches the key indicated by
* FindMe, or NULL if no such node was found.
*
* Note: In a tree that allows duplicates, the pointer returned *might
* not* point to the (sequentially) first occurance of the
* desired key. In such a tree, it may be more useful to use
* ubi_btLocate().
* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
*/
{
return( qFind( RootPtr->cmp, FindMe, RootPtr->root ) );
} /* ubi_btFind */
ubi_btNodePtr ubi_btNext( ubi_btNodePtr P )
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
* Given the node indicated by P, find the (sorted order) Next node in the
* tree.
* Input: P - a pointer to a node that exists in a binary tree.
* Output: A pointer to the "next" node in the tree, or NULL if P pointed
* to the "last" node in the tree or was NULL.
* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
*/
{
return( Neighbor( P, ubi_trRIGHT ) );
} /* ubi_btNext */
ubi_btNodePtr ubi_btPrev( ubi_btNodePtr P )
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
* Given the node indicated by P, find the (sorted order) Previous node in
* the tree.
* Input: P - a pointer to a node that exists in a binary tree.
* Output: A pointer to the "previous" node in the tree, or NULL if P
* pointed to the "first" node in the tree or was NULL.
* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
*/
{
return( Neighbor( P, ubi_trLEFT ) );
} /* ubi_btPrev */
ubi_btNodePtr ubi_btFirst( ubi_btNodePtr P )
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
* Given the node indicated by P, find the (sorted order) First node in the
* subtree of which *P is the root.
* Input: P - a pointer to a node that exists in a binary tree.
* Output: A pointer to the "first" node in a subtree that has *P as its
* root. This function will return NULL only if P is NULL.
* Note: In general, you will be passing in the value of the root field
* of an ubi_btRoot structure.
* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
*/
{
return( SubSlide( P, ubi_trLEFT ) );
} /* ubi_btFirst */
ubi_btNodePtr ubi_btLast( ubi_btNodePtr P )
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
* Given the node indicated by P, find the (sorted order) Last node in the
* subtree of which *P is the root.
* Input: P - a pointer to a node that exists in a binary tree.
* Output: A pointer to the "last" node in a subtree that has *P as its
* root. This function will return NULL only if P is NULL.
* Note: In general, you will be passing in the value of the root field
* of an ubi_btRoot structure.
* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
*/
{
return( SubSlide( P, ubi_trRIGHT ) );
} /* ubi_btLast */
ubi_btNodePtr ubi_btFirstOf( ubi_btRootPtr RootPtr,
ubi_btItemPtr MatchMe,
ubi_btNodePtr p )
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
* Given a tree that a allows duplicate keys, and a pointer to a node in
* the tree, this function will return a pointer to the first (traversal
* order) node with the same key value.
*
* Input: RootPtr - A pointer to the root of the tree.
* MatchMe - A pointer to the key value. This should probably
* point to the key within node *p.
* p - A pointer to a node in the tree.
* Output: A pointer to the first node in the set of nodes with keys
* matching <FindMe>.
* Notes: Node *p MUST be in the set of nodes with keys matching
* <FindMe>. If not, this function will return NULL.
*
* 4.7: Bug found & fixed by Massimo Campostrini,
* Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa.
*
* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
*/
{
/* If our starting point is invalid, return NULL. */
if( (NULL == p)
|| (ubi_trEQUAL != ubi_trAbNormal( (*(RootPtr->cmp))( MatchMe, p ) )) )
return( NULL );
return( Border( RootPtr, MatchMe, p, ubi_trLEFT ) );
} /* ubi_btFirstOf */
ubi_btNodePtr ubi_btLastOf( ubi_btRootPtr RootPtr,
ubi_btItemPtr MatchMe,
ubi_btNodePtr p )
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
* Given a tree that a allows duplicate keys, and a pointer to a node in
* the tree, this function will return a pointer to the last (traversal
* order) node with the same key value.
*
* Input: RootPtr - A pointer to the root of the tree.
* MatchMe - A pointer to the key value. This should probably
* point to the key within node *p.
* p - A pointer to a node in the tree.
* Output: A pointer to the last node in the set of nodes with keys
* matching <FindMe>.
* Notes: Node *p MUST be in the set of nodes with keys matching
* <FindMe>. If not, this function will return NULL.
*
* 4.7: Bug found & fixed by Massimo Campostrini,
* Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa.
*
* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
*/
{
/* If our starting point is invalid, return NULL. */
if( (NULL != p)
|| (ubi_trEQUAL != ubi_trAbNormal( (*(RootPtr->cmp))( MatchMe, p ) )) )
return( NULL );
return( Border( RootPtr, MatchMe, p, ubi_trRIGHT ) );
} /* ubi_btLastOf */
unsigned long ubi_btTraverse( ubi_btRootPtr RootPtr,
ubi_btActionRtn EachNode,
void *UserData )
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
* Traverse a tree in sorted order (non-recursively). At each node, call
* (*EachNode)(), passing a pointer to the current node, and UserData as the
* second parameter.
*
* Input: RootPtr - a pointer to an ubi_btRoot structure that indicates
* the tree to be traversed.
* EachNode - a pointer to a function to be called at each node
* as the node is visited.
* UserData - a generic pointer that may point to anything that
* you choose.
*
* Output: A count of the number of nodes visited. This will be zero
* if the tree is empty.
*
* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
*/
{
ubi_btNodePtr p = ubi_btFirst( RootPtr->root );
unsigned long count = 0;
while( NULL != p )
{
(*EachNode)( p, UserData );
count++;
p = ubi_btNext( p );
}
return( count );
} /* ubi_btTraverse */
unsigned long ubi_btKillTree( ubi_btRootPtr RootPtr,
ubi_btKillNodeRtn FreeNode )
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
* Delete an entire tree (non-recursively) and reinitialize the ubi_btRoot
* structure. Return a count of the number of nodes deleted.
*
* Input: RootPtr - a pointer to an ubi_btRoot structure that indicates
* the root of the tree to delete.
* FreeNode - a function that will be called for each node in the
* tree to deallocate the memory used by the node.
*
* Output: The number of nodes removed from the tree.
* A value of 0 will be returned if:
* - The tree actually contains 0 entries.
* - the value of <RootPtr> is NULL, in which case the tree is
* assumed to be empty
* - the value of <FreeNode> is NULL, in which case entries
* cannot be removed, so 0 is returned. *Make sure that you
* provide a valid value for <FreeNode>*.
* In all other cases, you should get a positive value equal to
* the value of RootPtr->count upon entry.
*
* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
*/
{
ubi_btNodePtr p, q;
unsigned long count = 0;
if( (NULL == RootPtr) || (NULL == FreeNode) )
return( 0 );
p = ubi_btFirst( RootPtr->root );
while( NULL != p )
{
q = p;
while( q->Link[ubi_trRIGHT] )
q = SubSlide( q->Link[ubi_trRIGHT], ubi_trLEFT );
p = q->Link[ubi_trPARENT];
if( NULL != p )
p->Link[ ((p->Link[ubi_trLEFT] == q)?ubi_trLEFT:ubi_trRIGHT) ] = NULL;
(*FreeNode)((void *)q);
count++;
}
/* overkill... */
(void)ubi_btInitTree( RootPtr,
RootPtr->cmp,
RootPtr->flags );
return( count );
} /* ubi_btKillTree */
ubi_btNodePtr ubi_btLeafNode( ubi_btNodePtr leader )
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
* Returns a pointer to a leaf node.
*
* Input: leader - Pointer to a node at which to start the descent.
*
* Output: A pointer to a leaf node selected in a somewhat arbitrary
* manner.
*
* Notes: I wrote this function because I was using splay trees as a
* database cache. The cache had a maximum size on it, and I
* needed a way of choosing a node to sacrifice if the cache
* became full. In a splay tree, less recently accessed nodes
* tend toward the bottom of the tree, meaning that leaf nodes
* are good candidates for removal. (I really can't think of
* any other reason to use this function.)
* + In a simple binary tree or an AVL tree, the most recently
* added nodes tend to be nearer the bottom, making this a *bad*
* way to choose which node to remove from the cache.
* + Randomizing the traversal order is probably a good idea. You
* can improve the randomization of leaf node selection by passing
* in pointers to nodes other than the root node each time. A
* pointer to any node in the tree will do. Of course, if you
* pass a pointer to a leaf node you'll get the same thing back.
*
* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
*/
{
ubi_btNodePtr follower = NULL;
int whichway = ubi_trLEFT;
while( NULL != leader )
{
follower = leader;
leader = follower->Link[ whichway ];
if( NULL == leader )
{
whichway = ubi_trRevWay( whichway );
leader = follower->Link[ whichway ];
}
}
return( follower );
} /* ubi_btLeafNode */
int ubi_btModuleID( int size, char *list[] )
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
* Returns a set of strings that identify the module.
*
* Input: size - The number of elements in the array <list>.
* list - An array of pointers of type (char *). This array
* should, initially, be empty. This function will fill
* in the array with pointers to strings.
* Output: The number of elements of <list> that were used. If this value
* is less than <size>, the values of the remaining elements are
* not guaranteed.
*
* Notes: Please keep in mind that the pointers returned indicate strings
* stored in static memory. Don't free() them, don't write over
* them, etc. Just read them.
* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **
*/
{
if( size > 0 )
{
list[0] = ModuleID;
if( size > 1 )
list[1] = NULL;
return( 1 );
}
return( 0 );
} /* ubi_btModuleID */
/* ========================================================================== */