diff --git a/classes/lnApp/Block/Sub.php b/classes/lnApp/Block/Sub.php
index 5cb3046..69eb084 100644
--- a/classes/lnApp/Block/Sub.php
+++ b/classes/lnApp/Block/Sub.php
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
  * @license    http://dev.leenooks.net/license.html
  * @uses       Style
  */
-class lnApp_Block_Sub extends HTMLRender {
+abstract class lnApp_Block_Sub extends HTMLRender {
 	protected static $_data = array();
 	protected static $_spacer = '<table><tr class="spacer"><td>&nbsp;</td></tr></table>';
 	protected static $_c = 0;
diff --git a/classes/lnApp/Controller/Login.php b/classes/lnApp/Controller/Login.php
index c69a680..65ab2ee 100644
--- a/classes/lnApp/Controller/Login.php
+++ b/classes/lnApp/Controller/Login.php
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
  * @license    http://dev.leenooks.net/license.html
  * @also       [logout]
  */
-class lnApp_Controller_Login extends Controller_TemplateDefault {
+abstract class lnApp_Controller_Login extends Controller_TemplateDefault {
 	protected $auth_required = FALSE;
 
 	/**
diff --git a/classes/lnApp/Controller/Logout.php b/classes/lnApp/Controller/Logout.php
index e5f0703..5d792b3 100644
--- a/classes/lnApp/Controller/Logout.php
+++ b/classes/lnApp/Controller/Logout.php
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
  * @license    http://dev.leenooks.net/license.html
  * @also       [login]
  */
-class lnApp_Controller_Logout extends Controller {
+abstract class lnApp_Controller_Logout extends Controller {
 	public function action_index() {
 		// If user already signed-in
 		if (Auth::instance()->logged_in()) {
diff --git a/classes/lnApp/Email/Exception.php b/classes/lnApp/Email/Exception.php
index 2757806..f33ecdd 100644
--- a/classes/lnApp/Email/Exception.php
+++ b/classes/lnApp/Email/Exception.php
@@ -6,4 +6,4 @@
  * @copyright  (c) 2014 Deon George
  * @license    http://dev.leenooks.net/license
  */
-class lnApp_Email_Exception extends Kohana_Exception {}
+abstract class lnApp_Email_Exception extends Kohana_Exception {}
diff --git a/classes/lnApp/Menu.php b/classes/lnApp/Menu.php
index 0bee092..6c41134 100644
--- a/classes/lnApp/Menu.php
+++ b/classes/lnApp/Menu.php
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
  * @copyright  (c) 2009-2013 Deon George
  * @license    http://dev.leenooks.net/license.html
  */
-class lnApp_Menu {
+abstract class lnApp_Menu {
 	public static function items($type,array $list=array()) {
 		$result = array();
 
diff --git a/classes/lnApp/ORM.php b/classes/lnApp/ORM.php
index 1c3b5fc..ee008f7 100644
--- a/classes/lnApp/ORM.php
+++ b/classes/lnApp/ORM.php
@@ -333,6 +333,10 @@ abstract class lnApp_ORM extends Kohana_ORM {
 		return $this->_sub_items;
 	}
 
+	public function subitem_add(Model $item) {
+		array_push($this->_sub_items,$item);
+	}
+
 	/**
 	 * Override the Kohana processing so we can null values if required.
 	 * We override this function, because we do set our own primary key value