78 lines
8.1 KiB
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78 lines
8.1 KiB
HTML
<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><title>Efficient graph generation using the built-in cache subsystem</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="manual.css"><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.76.0"><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="JpGraph Manual"><link rel="up" href="ch05.html" title="Chapter 5. Fundamentals of dynamic graph generation"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Efficient graph generation using the built-in cache subsystem</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 5. Fundamentals of dynamic graph generation</th><td width="20%" align="right"> </td></tr></table><hr></div><div class="sect1" title="Efficient graph generation using the built-in cache subsystem"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="sec.efficient-graph-generation"></a>Efficient graph generation using the built-in cache subsystem</h2></div></div></div>
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<p>The full explanation of how to use the JpGraph cache system is deferred to <a class="xref" href="ch09.html" title="Chapter 9. Using the JpGraph cache system">Chapter 9. <i>Using the JpGraph cache system</i></a> so this early section is just to explain the
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principles and why you probably want to read through the full chapter later
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on.</p>
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<p>The core problem is that generating images can require a lot of CPU time. If we
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combine this with the interpreted nature of PHP we can get a potential lethal
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performance mixture. For example, if a web page uses one dynamically generated graph
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and at its peak the site has 50 hits per second this means that the PHP graph script
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also has to be called 50 times a second. On a high end server a typical graph takes
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in the range of 0.02s up to 0.2s (and some complex graph, for example an
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anti-aliased Contour-plot, can take up to 1s) to generate using a plain
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non-accelerated installation (see more on supported PHP Accelerators in <a class="xref" href="ch11.html" title="Chapter 11. NuSphere PHP accelerator">Chapter 11. <i>NuSphere PHP accelerator</i></a>).</p>
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<p>If we furthermore makes the realistic assumption that the site needs to run some
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database services and generate other content as well the graph script itself might
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not be allowed to use more than 50% of the available CPU bandwidth. It is now easy
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to see that we are in trouble.</p>
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<p>Continuing with the example. Assuming our graph is medium complex and takes a
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whole 0.04s to generate. This means that if the server does not do anything more
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than just creating images then we can crank out 1/0.04 or 25 graphs per second per
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core at maximum. If we then take the 50% load into account it means that we could
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only be allowed to generate ~12 graphs per second per core and remember that this
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was on a high end server. If we now have more than 12 hits per second or have a more
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average server with a less powerful CPU we are heading directly for a seriously
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under dimensioned server.</p>
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<p>If we assume we are running our server on a dual-core CPU this gives us an upper
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practical limit of 24 graphs per second per server.</p>
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<p>There are a couple of ways to counteract this problem but none is a 100%
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solution.</p>
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<div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem">
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<p>Introduce load balancing among several servers. This is a common way
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to dynamically adjust to varying loads but without some serious
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investments into a server farm it is still possible to overload the
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system.</p>
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</li><li class="listitem">
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<p>Reduce the complexity of the graphs. However there is still a limit,
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even very simple and basic graphs takes in the order of 0.02s on a high
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end server due partly to the cost PHP parsing of all the library files.
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This means that the upper limit is still valid.</p>
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</li><li class="listitem">
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<p>Make use of a PHP accelerator. If you are running a professional
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server this is a must. We would go so far as to say that running a
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professional PHP server without using any of the available PHP
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accelerators borders on gross misconduct on the behalf of the
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information architect that did the logical server design. Using a PHP
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accelerator we can normally expect to get an almost 100% improvement.
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Taking the previous example as a case we can probably expect an upper
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limit of ~24 graphs per second per core instead of the normal
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~12.</p>
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</li><li class="listitem">
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<p>Make use of the built in cache system in JpGraph. This system if set
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up correctly will avoid the problem by not having to generate the same
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(or almost the same) image over and over again. The core idea of the
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system is the observation that the majority of the data presented on a
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WEB page is changing only very slowly compared with the hits a server
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gets. </p>
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<p>For example, if a server has a graphical overview of defects by
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showing inflow/outflow there is probably a good case to state that the
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data change sufficiently slowly that it is probably not necessary to
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re-generate the graph more than 6 times per day (or perhaps even just
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once per day).</p>
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<p>The JpGraph cache system allows you to do just that. What you do is
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specify a timeout. When the server calls the graph script the script
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first checks if a previous image has been generated. If that is the case
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it then checks how old the image is and if it is newer than the timeout
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limit then the existing image is sent back. It is just in the case that
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there isn't already any image (the script has never been run) or that
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the existing image is too old (older than the specified timeout limit)
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that the image gets generated again.</p>
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<p>You could of course do all of this manually but the library has built
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in support for this that will allow you to use the system without
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changing a single line in your existing scripts. It is all taken care of
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in the background.</p>
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</li></ol></div><p>For a production server the recommended setup is to use a combination
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of load balancing, a suitable PHP accelerator and enabling the JpGraph cache
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system.</p>
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